管道工 take-home pay by country

Installs and repairs water-supply, drainage, and heating systems in residential and commercial buildings. Skilled trade, strong demand.

• 英国

  Median: £35,000 gross → £28,720 net (17.9% effective)

• 美国

  Median: $61,000 gross → $49,147 net (19.4% effective) — California baseline; see page for state breakdown

• 德国

  Median: €38,000 gross → €25,731 net (32.3% effective)

• 法国

  Median: €32,000 gross → €23,731 net (25.8% effective)

• 西班牙

  Median: €26,000 gross → €20,189 net (22.3% effective)